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Industrial Chemicals: A Compendium by IUPAC Nomenclature

The industrial sector thrives on a diverse array of chemicals, each playing a critical role in facilitating countless manufacturing processes and applications. This document presents a selection of prominent industrial chemicals, employing their systematic IUPAC nomenclature for precise identification and fostering clear communication within the scientific community

SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

Fundamental inorganic chemicals

• Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)  CAS NO. {7664-93-9} 

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) CAS NO. {1310-73-2} 

• Chlorine (Cl₂)   CAS NO. {7782-50-5} 

• Ammonia (NH₃)  CAS NO. {1336-21-6} 

• Ethylene (H₂C=CH₂) CAS NO. {74-85-1} 

Polymeric Materials

• Polyethylene (–CH₂–CH₂–)ₙ CAS NO. {9002-88-4} 

• Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) ([CH₂–CH(Cl)–]ₙ) CAS NO. {9002-86-2} 

• Polypropylene (–CH₂–CH(CH₃)–]ₙ) CAS NO. {9003-07-0} 

• Polystyrene (–CH₂–CH(Ph)–]ₙ)(Ph = Phenyl group) CAS NO. {9003-53-6} 

Essential solvents and Industrial Gases

• Acetone (CH₃COCH₃) CAS NO. {67-64-1} 

• Methanol (CH₃OH) CAS NO. {67-56-1} 

• Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) CAS NO. {64-17-5} 

• Nitrogen (N₂) CAS NO. {7727-37-9} 

• Oxygen (O₂) CAS NO. {7782-44-7} 

FINE CHEMICALS

Agrochemical Intermediates

• Glyphosate (C3H8NO5P): Herbicide intermediate.

• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, C8H6Cl2O3): Herbicide precursor.

• Carbendazim (C9H9N3O2): Fungicide intermediate.

• Chlorpyrifos (C9H11Cl3NO3PS): Insecticide intermediate.

• Acetochlor (C14H20ClNO2): Herbicide precursor.
  
  

2. Dyes and Pigments

• Azo Compounds (e.g., Disperse Red 9, C15H15N3O2): Synthetic dye.

• Phthalocyanine Blue (C32H16N8Cu): Pigment in inks and coatings.

• Quinacridone (C20H12N2O2): High-performance pigment for paints.

• Indigo (C16H10N2O2): Natural dye used in textiles.

• Titanium Dioxide (TiO2): White pigment in paints and coatings.

3. Specialty Polymers and Resins

• Polyurethane (various forms, e.g., C27H36N2O10): Used in foams, coatings.

• Epoxy Resins (e.g., Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, C21H24O4): Adhesives, coatings.

• Polysulfones (e.g., Udel P-1700, C27H22O4S): High-temperature applications.

• Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF, (C2H2F2)n): Used in chemical-resistant coatings.

• Silicone Resins (e.g., Polydimethylsiloxane, (C2H6OSi)n): Used in sealants, lubricants.

4. Catalysts and Ligands

• Palladium on Carbon (Pd/C): Catalyst in hydrogenation reactions.

• Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl4): Ziegler-Natta catalyst in polymerization.

• BINAP (2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl, C44H32P2): Chiral ligand in asymmetric synthesis.

• Rhodium Complexes (e.g., Wilkinson's Catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3): Homogeneous catalysis.

• Grubbs Catalyst (C46H65Cl2P2Ru): Olefin metathesis.
  
  

5. High-Purity Solvents

• Tetrahydrofuran (THF, C4H8O): Solvent for polymers and organic reactions.

• Dimethylformamide (DMF, C3H7NO): Used in organic synthesis and HPLC.

• Acetonitrile (C2H3N): Used in chromatography and pharmaceutical synthesis.

• Methanol (CH3OH): Solvent in biodiesel production, HPLC.

• Dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2): Solvent for extraction and degreasing.
  
  

6. Advanced Materials

• Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Used in nanocomposites, electronics.

• Graphene (C): Used in high-strength materials, conductive films.

• Quantum Dots (CdSe, CdS): Used in displays and biomedical imaging.

• Boron Nitride (BN): High thermal conductivity material for electronics.

• Perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3): Used in solar cells and LEDs.
  
  

7. Fluorinated Compounds

• Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA, C8HF15O2): Used in fluoropolymer production.

• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, (C2F4)n): Used in non-stick coatings.

• Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA, C2HF3O2): Used as a solvent in organic chemistry.

• Hexafluoropropylene Oxide (HFPO, C3F6O): Used in the production of fluoropolymers.

• Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): Used as an insulating gas in electrical applications.
  
  

8. Photoinitiators

• Benzoin Methyl Ether (C9H10O2): UV curing of inks and coatings.

• Irgacure 2959 (C13H19O3): Photoinitiator for acrylate-based systems.

• Camphorquinone (CQ, C10H14O2): Used in dental resins and light-cured adhesives.

• Thioxanthone (TX, C13H8OS): Used in the UV curing of printing inks.

• 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (HMPP, C10H12O2): Used in coatings and adhesives.
  
  

9. Silicon-Based Compounds

• Trimethylsilane (Si(CH3)3H): Used in the production of semiconductors.

• Silicon Tetrachloride (SiCl4): Precursor for the production of silicones.

• Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS, C6H19NSi2): Used in surface treatment and microelectronics.

• Dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS, C2H6Cl2Si): Used in the synthesis of silicone polymers.

• Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4): Used in coatings and ceramics.
  
  

10. Biochemicals

• Amino Acids (e.g., L-Lysine, C6H14N2O2): Used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

• Nucleotides (e.g., Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), C10H16N5O13P3): Used in biochemical research.

• Peptides (e.g., Glutathione, C10H17N3O6S): Used in drug formulations and research.

• Enzymes (e.g., Papain, C9H14N2O2): Used in food processing and pharmaceuticals.

• Cofactors (e.g., NADH, C21H27N7O14P2): Used in metabolic studies.
  
  

11. Electronic Chemicals

• Photoresists (e.g., Novolak, C15H14O4): Used in semiconductor manufacturing.

• Etchants (e.g., Hydrofluoric Acid, HF): Used in silicon wafer processing.

• Dopants (e.g., Boron Trichloride, BCl3): Used in doping semiconductors.

• High-Purity Silicon (Si): Used in microelectronics and solar cells.

• Tungsten Hexafluoride (WF6): Used in chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
  
  

12. Perfume and Flavor Chemicals

• Linalool (C10H18O): Floral scent used in perfumes and flavors.

• Ethyl Vanillin (C9H10O3): Vanilla flavor used in foods and fragrances.

• Isoamyl Acetate (C7H14O2): Banana flavor used in food and perfumes.

• Coumarin (C9H6O2): Used in vanilla and cinnamon-like fragrances.

• Benzyl Acetate (C9H10O2): Used in jasmine and fruity fragrances.
  
  

13. Enzyme Substrates

• p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate (pNPP, C6H6NO6P): Used in enzyme assays.

• Fluorogenic Substrates (e.g., 4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucuronide, C16H18O7): Used in detecting enzyme activity.

• Chromogenic Substrates (e.g., X-Gal, C14H15BrClNO6): Used in molecular biology for gene expression studies.

• Luminogenic Substrates (e.g., Luminol, C8H7N3O2): Used in chemiluminescence assays.

• Peptide Substrates (e.g., Boc-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide, C19H22N2O4): Used in protease assays.
  
  

14. Specialty Inorganic Chemicals

• High-Purity Salts (e.g., Lithium Chloride, LiCl): Used in specialty chemical reactions and batteries.

• Precious Metal Compounds (e.g., Platinum(IV) Chloride, PtCl4): Used in catalysis and electronics.

• Reagent-Grade Acids (e.g., Nitric Acid, HNO3): Used in analytical chemistry and manufacturing.

• Boron Trifluoride (BF3): Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis.

• Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3): Used in ceramics, catalysts, and coatings.